{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T16:31:16Z","timestamp":1757781076523},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,30]],"date-time":"2014-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood contamination, such as bloody ascites or hemorrhages during surgery, is a potential hazard for clinical application of fluorescence imaging. In order to overcome this problem, we investigate if fluorescence\u2010lifetime imaging helps to overcome this problem. Samples were prepared at concentrations ranging 0.3\u20132.4\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> and mixed with 0\u201310% of blood. Fluorescence intensities and lifetimes of samples were measured using a time\u2010domain fluorescence imager. Ovarian cancer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHIN<\/jats:styled-content>3 cells overexpressing the D\u2010galactose receptor were injected into the peritoneal cavity 2.5\u00a0weeks before the experiments. Galactosyl serum albumin\u2010rhodamine green (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010RhodG), which bound to the D\u2010galactose receptor and was internalized thereafter, was administered intraperitoneally to peritoneal ovarian cancer\u2010bearing mice with various degrees of bloody ascites. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> study showed a linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and probe concentration (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.99), whereas the fluorescence lifetime was consistent (range, 3.33\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.15\u20133.75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.04\u00a0ns). By adding 10% of blood to samples, fluorescence intensities decreased to &lt;1%, while fluorescence lifetimes were consistent. <jats:italic>In\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> fluorescence lifetime of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010RhodG stained tumors was longer than the autofluorescence lifetime (threshold, 2.87\u00a0ns). Tumor lesions under hemorrhagic peritonitis were not depicted using fluorescence intensity imaging; however, fluorescence\u2010lifetime imaging clearly detected tumor lesions by prolonged lifetimes. In conclusion, fluorescence\u2010lifetime imaging with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010RhodG depicted ovarian cancer lesions, which were invisible in intensity images, in hemorrhagic ascites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,23]],"date-time":"2013-12-23T15:52:44Z","timestamp":1387813964000},"page":"308-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fluorescence\u2010lifetime molecular imaging can detect invisible peritoneal ovarian tumors in bloody ascites"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Takahito","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rira","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiko","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Hanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Program Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MA 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