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In this study, we aim to understand the immunological character of a metastasis\u2010prone microenvironment in a murine 4T1 breast tumor model, by using the activation of nuclear factor\u2010\u03bab (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB) in cancer cells as a sensor of inflammatory status and by monitoring its activity by bioluminescence imaging. By using a 4T1 breast cancer cell line stably expressing an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB\/Luc2 reporter gene (4T1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB cells), we observed significantly increased bioluminescence approximately 7\u00a0days after metastasis\u2010prone orthotopic mammary fat\u2010pad inoculation but not ectopic s.c. inoculation of 4T1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB cells. Such <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB activation within the fat\u2010pad 4T1 tumor was diminished in immune\u2010deficient <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCID<\/jats:styled-content> or nude mice, or T cell\u2010depleted mice, suggesting the requirement of host T cell\u2010mediated immune responses. Given the fat\u2010pad 4T1 tumor expressed higher inflammatory mediators in a T cell\u2010dependent mechanism compared to the s.c. tumor, our results imply the importance of the surrounding tissue microenvironment for inflaming tumors by collaborating with T cells to instigate metastatic spread of 4T1 breast cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,2]],"date-time":"2015-05-02T06:15:11Z","timestamp":1430547311000},"page":"867-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mammary tissue microenvironment determines T\u00a0cell\u2010dependent breast cancer\u2010associated inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Kei","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo 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