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Antiproliferative effect and apoptosis induction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCC<\/jats:styled-content> cells and mouse osteoclasts by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 and\/or interferon\u2010alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1) were evaluated <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> using cell counting and <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> using soft X\u2010ray, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content> method and tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase stain. For the in<jats:italic>\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> study, male athymic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BALB<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cA<\/jats:styled-content> Jc1\u2010nu nude mice bearing human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCC<\/jats:styled-content> cell line <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBM<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IT<\/jats:styled-content>4 cells were treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1. The biological activity of osteoclasts was evaluated using the pit formation assay. The antiangiogenetic effect by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 was analyzed using micro\u2010vessel density and <jats:italic>in\u00a0situ <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> hybridization. Osteoclast number in bone tumors was decreased in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529\u2010treated mouse. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 also inhibited osteoclast activity and proliferation <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor expressions and micro\u2010vessel density within tumors were inhibited by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1. Neither <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 nor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 alone significantly inhibited the growth of established bone metastatic tumors. Combined treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1 may be beneficial in patients with human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCC<\/jats:styled-content> bone metastasis. Their effects are mediated by osteoclast recruitment inhibition and inactivation by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">YM<\/jats:styled-content>529 and antiangiogenesis by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,4]],"date-time":"2015-06-04T04:08:05Z","timestamp":1433390885000},"page":"1092-1099","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combination with third\u2010generation bisphosphonate (<scp>YM<\/scp>529) and interferon\u2010alpha can inhibit the progression of established bone renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kurabayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kochi Medical School Nankoku 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