{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:06:59Z","timestamp":1772024819343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The programmed death\u20101\/programmed death\u20101 ligands (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L) pathway plays an important role in immunological tumor evasion. However, the clinical significance of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L (L1 and L2) expression in esophageal cancer treated with chemotherapy has not been fully investigated. We examined the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L of the primary tumors obtained from 180 esophageal cancer patients who underwent radical resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content>) using immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between the expression patterns and clinico\u2010pathological characteristics was examined. In the present study, 53 patients (29.4%) and 88 patients (48.3%) were classified into positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 expression, respectively. In all the patients examined, overall survival rates of the patients with tumors positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 were significantly worse than those with tumors negative for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0010 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0237, respectively). However, subgroup analysis showed that these tendencies are only found in the patients treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content>, and not in those without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content>. The patients with positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression had a significantly higher rate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> history (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0139), but those with positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 expression did not have a significantly high rate of NAC history (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.6127). There is no significant relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L1 expression and response to chemotherapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.3118), but patients with positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L2 expression had significantly inferior responses to chemotherapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0034). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L pathway might be an immunological mechanism associated with the long\u2010term effectiveness of chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients. Further investigation into the roles of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 pathway in chemotherapy could lead to the development of better treatment options for this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,25]],"date-time":"2016-03-25T13:56:38Z","timestamp":1458914198000},"page":"726-733","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Negative influence of programmed death\u20101\u2010ligands on the survival of esophageal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keijiro","family":"Sugimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Hamada\u2010Uematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Bioengineering Advanced Clinical Research Center Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Mizote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Bioengineering Advanced Clinical Research Center Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Sanofi K.K. Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyokazu","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Takiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Doki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Tahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Bioengineering Advanced Clinical Research Center Institute of Medical Science University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1747-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.24390"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812313392704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08651-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05919.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20051776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2006.00558.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"The Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases.Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer. 10th edn. 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