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For human cancer risk assessment, however, data after administration of MWCNT via the airway, the exposure route that is most relevant to humans, is required. The present study was undertaken to investigate the carcinogenicity of MWCNT\u2010N (NIKKISO) after administration to the rat lung. MWCNT\u2010N was fractionated by passing it through a sieve with a pore size of 25\u00a0\u03bcm. The average lengths of the MWCNT were 4.2\u00a0\u03bcm before filtration and 2.6\u00a0\u03bcm in the flow\u2010through fraction; the length of the retained MWCNT could not be determined. For the present study, 10\u2010week\u2010old F344\/Crj male rats were divided into five groups: no treatment, vehicle control, MWCNT\u2010N before filtration, MWCNT\u2010N flow\u2010through and MWCNT\u2010N retained groups. Administration was by the trans\u2010tracheal intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) method. Rats were administered a total of 1\u00a0mg\/rat during the initial 2\u00a0weeks of the experiment and then observed up to 109\u00a0weeks. The incidences of malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors (bronchiolo\u2010alveolar adenomas and carcinomas) were 6\/38 and 14\/38, respectively, in the three groups administered MWCNT and 0\/28 and 0\/28, respectively, in the control groups. All malignant mesotheliomas were localized in the pericardial pleural cavity. The sieve fractions did not have a significant effect on tumor incidence. In conclusion, administration of MWCNT to the lung in the rat induces malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T12:38:14Z","timestamp":1461242294000},"page":"924-935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Multiwalled carbon nanotubes intratracheally instilled into the rat lung induce development of pleural malignant mesothelioma and lung tumors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Masumi","family":"Suzui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Toxicology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Futakuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Toxicology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya 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