{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:32:43Z","timestamp":1765279963663},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,12]],"date-time":"2017-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"The \u03b3\u2010interferon\u2010induced enzymes indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase and GTP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cyclohydrolase are key players in tumor immune escape mechanisms. We quantified serum levels of neopterin and tryptophan breakdown (tryptophan, kynurenine, and kynurenine\u2010to\u2010tryptophan ratio) in addition to prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA<\/jats:styled-content>) in newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PC<\/jats:styled-content>a) patients (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100) before radical prostatectomy (RP<\/jats:styled-content>) as well as at time of biochemical recurrence (BCR<\/jats:styled-content>) after RP<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050) in comparison to healthy men (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a049). Effects of biomarkers on the risk of PC<\/jats:styled-content>a diagnosis on transrectal biopsy, worse histopathological characteristics of the RP<\/jats:styled-content> specimens, and cancer\u2010specific survival (CSS<\/jats:styled-content>) after BCR<\/jats:styled-content> were investigated. Neopterin (hazard ratio [HR<\/jats:styled-content>], 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI<\/jats:styled-content>], 1.08\u20135.61; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.032) and kynurenine (HR<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.93; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.26\u20136.79; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012) levels were univariately associated with CSS<\/jats:styled-content>. When adjusted for other biomarkers, only neopterin remained an independent predictor of CSS<\/jats:styled-content> (HR<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.56; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.07\u20136.12; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.035). Only PSA<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with an increased risk of PC<\/jats:styled-content>a diagnosis on biopsy, univariately (odds ratio, 3.14; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.68\u20135.88; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001) as well when adjusted for other biomarkers (odds ratio, 3.29; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.70\u20136.35; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001). Moreover, only preoperative PSA<\/jats:styled-content> was able to predict positive surgical margin (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC<\/jats:styled-content>]\u00a0=\u00a00.71; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.59\u20130.82; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), higher Gleason score (AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.75; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.66\u20130.85; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001) and extraprostatic involvement (AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.79; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.69\u20130.88; P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001) at RP<\/jats:styled-content> specimens, respectively. Although serum neopterin and tryptophan breakdown cannot be considered as biomarkers in detecting PC<\/jats:styled-content>a or in predicting worse final pathological findings, neopterin levels are useful for stratifying patients into different prognostic groups after BCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T21:49:49Z","timestamp":1484948989000},"page":"663-670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Predictive and prognostic role of serum neopterin and tryptophan breakdown in prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Renate","family":"Pichler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck 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Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Klocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urological Laboratory and Division of Experimental Urology Department of Urology Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Chemistry Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck 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