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To investigate the prognostic significance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> in biliary cancer, a training set (n\u00a0=\u00a0118) and a validation set (n\u00a0=\u00a0127) were involved in this study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>66b, and then defined as low (neutrophils &lt;18\/high\u2010power field [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPF<\/jats:styled-content>]) vs high (neutrophils \u226518\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPF<\/jats:styled-content>). Kaplan\u2010Meier curve, Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to assess the prognostic significance. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> was identified as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in the training set (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.720; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.623\u20108.493; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001) which was confirmed in the validation set (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 4.993; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.626\u20109.492; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). Notably, among patients with stage <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> disease, those with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, with a reduced risk of compromised survival compared with those with high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.294; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.099\u20100.873; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.047 in the training set; and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HR<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.100; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.022\u20100.462; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.006 in the validation set). In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> were negatively related to biological pathways as regulation of activated T\u2010cell proliferation and lymphocyte\u2010mediated immunity, and showed a negative correlation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>8\u00a0+\u00a0 T cells (<jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2212.324, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.001). Taken together, our results implicate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TIN<\/jats:styled-content> as an independent marker of prognosis and indicator of patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]],"date-time":"2018-05-03T23:25:00Z","timestamp":1525389900000},"page":"2266-2274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Tumor\u2010infiltrating neutrophils predict prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapeutic benefit in patients with biliary cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 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