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Interactions between non\u2010tumor stromal components, especially macrophages, and cancer cells are still incompletely understood. Our aim was to determine whether a chronically injured liver represents a favorable environment for the seeding and growth of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> cells, and to evaluate the potential roles of macrophages infiltrated within the tumor. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content> cells were injected into the liver in healthy mice (healthy liver group [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content>]) and in mice chronically treated with carbon tetrachloride (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) for 7 weeks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> 7w group). Livers were examined for the presence of tumor 2 weeks post\u2010injection. Tumor and non\u2010tumor tissues were analyzed for macrophage infiltration, origin (monocytes\u2010derived vs resident macrophages) and polarization state, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content> production. Fifty\u2010three percent of mice developed neoplastic lesion in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HL<\/jats:styled-content> group whereas a tumor lesion was found in all livers in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> 7w group. Macrophages infiltrated more deeply the tumors of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> 7w group. Evaluation of factors involved in the recruitment of macrophages and of markers of their polarization state was in favor of prominent infiltration of M2 pro\u2010tumor monocyte\u2010derived macrophages inside the tumors developing in a chronically injured liver. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and \u20109 production, attributed to M2 pro\u2010tumor macrophages, was significantly higher in the tumors of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>l<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> 7w group. In our model, chronic liver damage promotes cancer development. Our results suggest that an injured background favors the infiltration of M2 pro\u2010tumor monocyte\u2010derived macrophages. These secrete <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 that promote tumor progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]],"date-time":"2018-05-04T17:27:34Z","timestamp":1525454854000},"page":"2141-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Chronic liver injury promotes hepatocarcinoma cell seeding and growth, associated with infiltration by macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-3618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Delire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC) Catholic University of Louvain Brussels 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