{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T08:05:18Z","timestamp":1771661118136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17ck0106371h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17ck0106371h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17cm0106315h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17cm0106315h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"Adult T\u2010cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL<\/jats:styled-content>) is an aggressive lymphoproliferative disease caused by human T\u2010cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101). Multi\u2010agent chemotherapy can reduce ATL<\/jats:styled-content> cells but frequently allows relapses within a short period of time. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo\u2010HSCT<\/jats:styled-content>) following chemotherapy is now a standard therapy for ATL<\/jats:styled-content> in Japan as it can achieve long\u2010term remission in approximately one\u2010third of recipient ATL<\/jats:styled-content> patients; however, it also has a risk of treatment\u2010related mortality. Allo\u2010HSCT<\/jats:styled-content> often induces HTLV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 Tax\u2010specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL<\/jats:styled-content>) as well as graft\u2010versus\u2010host (GVH<\/jats:styled-content>) response in ATL<\/jats:styled-content> patients. This observation led to development of a new therapeutic vaccine to activate Tax\u2010specific CTL<\/jats:styled-content>, anticipating anti\u2010ATL<\/jats:styled-content> effects without GVH<\/jats:styled-content> response. The newly developed Tax\u2010DC<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine consists of autologous dendritic cells pulsed with Tax peptides corresponding to CTL<\/jats:styled-content> epitopes that have been identified in post\u2010allo\u2010HSCT ATL<\/jats:styled-content> patients. In a pilot study of Tax\u2010DC<\/jats:styled-content> therapy in three ATL<\/jats:styled-content> patients after various initial therapies, two patients survived for more than 4\u00a0years after vaccination without severe adverse effects (UMIN<\/jats:styled-content>000011423). The Tax\u2010DC<\/jats:styled-content> vaccine is currently under phase I trial, showing a promising clinical outcome so far. These findings indicate the importance of patients\u2019 own HTLV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u2010specific T\u2010cell responses in maintaining remission and provide a new approach to anti\u2010ATL<\/jats:styled-content> immunotherapy targeting Tax. Although Tax\u2010targeted vaccination is ineffective against Tax\u2010negative ATL<\/jats:styled-content> cells, it can be a safe alternative maintenance therapy for Tax\u2010positive ATL<\/jats:styled-content> and may be further applicable for treatment of indolent ATL<\/jats:styled-content> or even prophylaxis of ATL<\/jats:styled-content> development among HTLV<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u2010carriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.13948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T16:57:27Z","timestamp":1548262647000},"page":"849-857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Maintenance of long remission in adult T\u2010cell leukemia by Tax\u2010targeted vaccine: A hope for disease\u2010preventive 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Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadafumi","family":"Iino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Advanced Medicine Innovation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Research National Kyushu Cancer Center Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youko","family":"Suehiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology National Kyushu Cancer Center Fukuoka 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