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There are several Treg cell immune suppressive mechanisms: inhibition of costimulatory signals by CD80 and CD86 expressed by dendritic cells through cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte antigen\u20104, interleukin (IL)\u20102 consumption by high\u2010affinity IL\u20102 receptors with high CD25 (IL\u20102 receptor \u03b1\u2010chain) expression, secretion of inhibitory cytokines, metabolic modulation of tryptophan and adenosine, and direct killing of effector T cells. Infiltration of Treg cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME) occurs in multiple murine and human tumors. Regulatory T cells are chemoattracted to the TME by chemokine gradients such as CCR4\u2010CCL17\/22, CCR8\u2010CCL1, CCR10\u2010CCL28, and CXCR3\u2010CCL9\/10\/11. Regulatory T cells are then activated and inhibit antitumor immune responses. A high infiltration by Treg cells is associated with poor survival in various types of cancer. Therefore, strategies to deplete Treg cells and control of Treg cell functions to increase antitumor immune responses are urgently required in the cancer immunotherapy field. Various molecules that are highly expressed by Treg cells, such as immune checkpoint molecules, chemokine receptors, and metabolites, have been targeted by Abs or small molecules, but additional strategies are needed to fine\u2010tune and optimize for augmenting antitumor effects restricted in the TME while avoiding systemic autoimmunity. Here, we provide a brief synopsis of these cells in cancer and how they can be controlled to achieve therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,18]],"date-time":"2019-05-18T12:16:53Z","timestamp":1558181813000},"page":"2080-2089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":974,"title":["Regulatory T (Treg) cells in cancer: Can Treg cells be a new therapeutic target?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Ohue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology Research Institute\/Exploratory Oncology Research &amp; Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center Tokyo 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