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Liver metastasis is the major recurrence pattern of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; therefore, the prevention of liver metastasis is a desirable objective. The aim of this study is to identify gene(s) related to liver metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and to examine the inhibitory effects on metastasis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by controlling such gene(s). We collected 3 pairs of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma frozen samples, and 36 pairs (primary and metastatic lesions) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded samples, from patients who underwent surgical resection at hospitals related to the Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery between 2002 and 2016. We carried out <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cDNA<\/jats:styled-content> microarray analyses and immunohistochemistry to identify candidate genes, and evaluated one of them as a therapeutic target using human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. We identified 4 genes related to liver metastasis using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cDNA<\/jats:styled-content> microarray, and found that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>12<\/jats:italic> was the only gene whose expression was significantly higher in liver metastasis than in primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003). In prognosis, patients in the high <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>12<\/jats:italic> group showed a significantly poor prognosis in disease\u2010free (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and overall survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0004). By knockdown of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>12<\/jats:italic>, we could significantly suppress the invasive and migratory capabilities of 2 human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Therefore, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>12<\/jats:italic> might be associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T14:44:49Z","timestamp":1564497889000},"page":"3197-3203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["<i><scp>CXCL<\/scp>12<\/i> expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Miyata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yo\u2010Ichi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoharu","family":"Yoshizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery Nagasaki 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