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We carried out a phase I clinical trial of HLA\u2010A24\u2010 and HLA\u2010A2\u2010restricted HSP105 peptide vaccines in patients with CRC or EC. In this additional study of the trial, we examined the immunological efficacy of the novel vaccine. Thirty patients with advanced CRC or EC underwent HSP105 peptide vaccination. Immunological responses were evaluated by ex vivo and in vitro \u03b3\u2010interferon enzyme\u2010linked immunospot assays and their correlation with patients\u2019 prognosis was analyzed. The HSP105 peptide vaccines induced peptide\u2010specific CTLs in 15 of 30 patients. Among HLA\u2010A24 patients (n\u00a0=\u00a015), 7 showed induction of CTLs only ex vivo, whereas among HLA\u2010A2 patients (n\u00a0=\u00a015), 4 showed the induction ex vivo and 6 in vitro. Heat shock protein 105\u2010specific CTL induction correlated with suppression of cancer progression and was revealed as a potential predictive biomarker for progression\u2010free survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008; hazard ratio\u00a0=\u00a03.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.34\u20106.85) and overall survival (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.025; hazard ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.13\u20106.52). Production of cytokines by HSP105 peptide\u2010specific CTLs was observed at the injection sites (skin) and tumor tissues, suggesting that HSP105\u2010specific CTLs not only accumulated at vaccination sites but also infiltrated tumors. Furthermore, we established 2 HSP105 peptide\u2010specific CTL clones, which showed HSP105\u2010specific cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that the HSP105 peptide vaccine could induce immunological effects in cancer patients and improve their prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T23:44:40Z","timestamp":1565221480000},"page":"3049-3060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Heat shock protein 105 peptide vaccine could induce antitumor immune reactions in a phase I clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunotherapy Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center Kashiwa Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 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