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Considering that some triple\u2010negative breast cancers (TNBC) responded well to ICI in a clinical trial and that a high density of tumor\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is frequently observed in other cancers with high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI\u2010H), we hypothesized that some TNBC with a high density of TILs would be MSI\u2010H. Medullary carcinoma (MedCa) of the breast, a rare histological type, is characterized by a high density of TILs. Considering that MedCa of the colon is often MSI\u2010H, we suspected that MedCa in breast cancer might also include MSI\u2010H tumors. Therefore, we conducted MSI tests on such breast cancers with a high density of TILs. The MSI status of 63 TIL\u2010high TNBC and 38 MedCa tumors, all from Asian women who had undergone curative surgery, were determined retrospectively. DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and PD\u2010L1 expression were also investigated immunohistochemically. All samples were microsatellite stable, being negative for all microsatellite markers. TIL\u2010high TNBC with low MLH1 protein had higher levels of PD\u2010L1 in stromal immune cells (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.041). MedCa tumors showed significantly higher PD\u2010L1 expression in immune cells than in TIL\u2010high TNBC (&lt;.001). We found that MSI\u2010H tumors were absent in TIL\u2010high breast cancers. Examination of MMR proteins, not a purpose of Lynch syndrome screening, may merit further studies to yield predictive information for identifying patients who are likely to benefit from ICI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,25]],"date-time":"2020-05-25T06:59:22Z","timestamp":1590389962000},"page":"2647-2654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair protein expressions in lymphocyte\u2010predominant breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8935-0768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Horimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Oncology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo 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