{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:17:52Z","timestamp":1780391872978,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20km0405217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20km0405217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20ek0109413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20ek0109413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20ek0410075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20ek0410075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20gm4010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20gm4010006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20km0405211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20km0405211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H01021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H01021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K21834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K21834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Causal inference is one of the challenges in epidemiologic studies. Gynecologic diseases have been reported to have association with obesity, however the causality remained controversial except for uterine endometrial cancer. We conducted two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the large\u2010scale genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) results of gynecologic diseases and body mass index (BMI) in the Japanese population to assess causal effect of BMI on gynecologic diseases. We first conducted GWAS of ovarian cancer, uterine endometrial cancer, uterine cervical cancer, endometriosis, and uterine fibroid (n\u00a0=\u00a0647, 909, 538, 5236, and 645 cases, respectively, and 39\u00a0556 shared female controls), and BMI (81\u00a0610 males and non\u2010overlapping 23\u00a0924 females). We then applied two\u2010sample MR using 74 BMI\u2010associated variants as instrumental variables. We observed significant causal effect of increased BMI on uterine endometrial cancer (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.735, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0010 in inverse variance\u2010weighted analysis), which is concordant with results of European studies. Causal effect of obesity was not apparent in the other gynecologic diseases tested. Our MR analyses provided strong evidence of the causal role of obesity in gynecologic diseases etiology, and suggested a possible preventive effect of intervention for obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T12:25:01Z","timestamp":1601209501000},"page":"4646-4651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A Mendelian randomization study identified obesity as a causal risk factor of uterine endometrial cancer in Japanese"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Masuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Kamatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2826-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Pathology The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0311-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukinori","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Genetics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Statistical Immunology Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI\u2010IFReC) Osaka University Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-019-0495-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60892-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60269-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.3442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.09.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"6","author":"Parveen P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03274-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0336-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05427-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0011-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12276-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1606602"}],"container-title":["Cancer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cas.14667","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cas.14667","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cas.14667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:31:03Z","timestamp":1693297863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cas.14667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cas.14667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.14667","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1347-9032","1349-7006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1347-9032","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-7006","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}