{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:12:09Z","timestamp":1780758729660,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,11]],"date-time":"2020-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical cancer remains among the most common cancers in women worldwide and can be prevented by vaccination. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan suspended active recommendation of regular human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in 2013 because of various symptoms including chronic pain and motor impairment. This nationwide case\u2010control study from April 2013 to March 2017 targeted women aged 20\u201024\u00a0years old at cervical screening. We compared HPV vaccination exposure between those with abnormal and normal cytology. Abnormal cytology was classified based on the results of histological test and we calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the above endpoints and vaccination exposure using the conditional logistic regression model and estimated vaccine effectiveness using the formula (1\u00a0\u2013\u00a0OR)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0100. A total of 2483 cases and 12\u00a0296 controls (one\u2010to\u2010five matching) were eligible in 31 municipalities in Japan. The distribution of histological abnormalities among cases was 797 CIN1 (including dysplasia) (32.1%), 165 CIN2 (6.7%), 44 CIN3 (1.8%), and eight squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (0.3%). The OR of HPV vaccination compared with no vaccination for abnormal cytology, CIN1+, CIN2+, and CIN3+ versus controls was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.34\u20100.50), 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31\u20100.58), 0.25 (95% CI, 0.12\u20100.54), and 0.19 (95% CI, 0.03\u20101.15), respectively, equating to a vaccine effectiveness of 58.5%, 57.9%, 74.8%, and 80.9%, respectively. Eight patients had SCC, none was vaccinated. This nationwide case\u2010control study in Japan demonstrated a substantial risk reduction in abnormal cytology and CIN among women who did versus those who did not receive HPV vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T07:39:46Z","timestamp":1602401986000},"page":"839-846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan: A nationwide case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayaka","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences Department of Social and Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka 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Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7665-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences Department of Social and Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Konishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Japan Cancer Society Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadao","family":"Kakizoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Japan Cancer Society Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Sobue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences Department of Social and Environmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka 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