{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:48:54Z","timestamp":1789750134506,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1), inducing T cell exhaustion to facilitate immune escape of tumor cells, is upregulated by interleukin 6 (IL\u20106) in T cell lymphoma and ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of IL\u20106 and PD\u2010L1 in thyroid cancer, and whether IL\u20106 regulates PD\u2010L1 expression. As a result, IL\u20106 and PD\u2010L1 were highly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that tumor size, distant metastasis, and risk stratification were significantly associated with IL\u20106 expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), and multifocality, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, risk stratification, and IL\u20106 expression were identified as the independent predictors of PD\u2010L1 expression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). The invasiveness of thyroid cancer was significantly enhanced after IL\u20106 treatment or PD\u2010L1 overexpression. PD\u2010L1 positive rate correlated with IL\u20106 expression in cancer tissues (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and after IL\u20106 treatment, the PD\u2010L1 expression in TPC\u20101 and BCPAP significantly increased. The mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) and the Janus\u2010activated kinase (JAK)\u2013signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways were activated by IL\u20106, and the IL\u20106\u2013induced PD\u2010L1 expression decreased after treatment with these two signaling pathway inhibitors. Knockdown of transcription factors c\u2010Jun and stat3 suppressed the expression of PD\u2010L1 induced by IL\u20106, and these two factors could bind to PD\u2010L1 gene promoter directly and promote its transcription. It is concluded that IL\u20106 and PD\u2010L1 are overexpressed in thyroid cancer and are related to tumor invasiveness. IL\u20106 upregulates PD\u2010L1 expression through the MAPK and JAK\u2010STAT3 signaling pathways, which function via transcription factors c\u2010Jun and stat3.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T20:02:42Z","timestamp":1606593762000},"page":"997-1010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Interleukin 6 regulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 in thyroid cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Guo\u2010Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 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