{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:15:39Z","timestamp":1777497339458,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is characterized by early metastasis and poor prognosis. Recently, we reported that extracellular interleukin\u201017F (IL\u201017F) correlates with better disease\u2010specific survival in OTSCC patients and has promising anticancer effects in vitro. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of an alternative vasculogenic system by aggressive tumor cells, which is implicated in treatment failure and poor survival of cancer patients. We sought to confirm the formation of VM in OTSCC and to investigate the effect of IL\u201017F on VM formation. Here, we showed that highly invasive OTSCC cells (HSC\u20103 and SAS) form tube\u2010like VM on Matrigel similar to those formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Interestingly, the less invasive cells (SCC\u201025) did not form any VM structures. Droplet\u2010digital PCR, FACS, and immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of CD31 mRNA and protein in OTSCC cells. Additionally, in a mouse orthotopic model, HSC\u20103 cells expressed VE\u2010cadherin (CD144) but lacked Von Willebrand Factor. We identified different patterns of VM structures in patient samples and in an orthotopic OTSCC mouse model. Similar to the effect produced by the antiangiogenic drug sorafenib, IL\u201017F inhibited the formation of VM structures in vitro by HSC\u20103 and reduced almost all VM\u2010related parameters. In conclusion, our findings indicate the presence of VM in OTSCC and the antitumorigenic effect of IL\u201017F through its effect on the VM. Therefore, targeting IL\u201017F or its regulatory pathways may lead to promising therapeutic strategies in patients with OTSCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.14894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T21:35:01Z","timestamp":1616276101000},"page":"2223-2232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effect of interleukin\u201017F on vasculogenic mimicry in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5336-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabeia","family":"Almahmoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM) University of Helsinki Helsinki 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