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Urinary lipidomics has attracted increasing attention in clinical diagnostics and prognostics for CaP. In this study, 31 prostate tissues obtained from radical prostatectomy were assessed using high\u2010resolution matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (HR\u2010MALDI\u2010IMS). Urine samples were collected after digital rectal examination (DRE), and urinary lipids were extracted using the acidified Bligh\u2010Dyer method. The discovery set comprised 75 patients with CaP and 44 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) at Kyoto University Hospital; the validation set comprised 74 patients with CaP and 59 with BPH at Osaka University Hospital. Urinary lipidomic screening was performed using MALDI time\u2010of\u2010flight MS (MALDI\u2010TOF\/MS). The levels of urinary lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were compared between the CaP and BPH groups. The (PC [34:2]\u00a0+\u00a0PC [34:1])\/LPC (16:0) ratio was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in CaP tissues than in benign epithelial tissues. The urinary PCs\/LPC ratio was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) in the CaP group than in the BPH group in the discovery and validation sets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T15:08:53Z","timestamp":1627657733000},"page":"4292-4302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["High level of phosphatidylcholines\/lysophosphatidylcholine ratio in urine is associated with prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University 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