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In this review, we summarized the effects of BMP signaling on gynecologic cancer. BMP signaling has tumor\u2010promoting effects on ovarian cancer (OC) and endometrial cancer (EC), whereas it has tumor\u2010suppressing effects on uterine cervical cancer (UCC). Interestingly, EC has frequent gain\u2010of\u2010function mutations in <jats:italic>ACVR1<\/jats:italic>, encoding one of the type I BMP receptors, which are also observed in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Little is known about the relationship between BMP signaling and other gynecologic cancers. Tumor\u2010promoting effects of BMP signaling in OC and EC are dependent on the promotion of cancer stemness and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT). In accordance, BMP receptor kinase inhibitors suppress the cell growth and migration of OC and EC. Since both cancer stemness and EMT are associated with chemoresistance, BMP signaling activation might also be an important mechanism by which OC and EC patients acquire chemoresistance. Therefore, BMP inhibitors are promising for OC and EC patients even if they become resistant to standard chemotherapy. In contrast, BMP signaling inhibits UCC growth in vitro. However, the in vivo effects of BMP signaling have not been elucidated in UCC. In conclusion, BMP signaling has a variety of functions, depending on the types of gynecologic cancer. Therefore, targeting BMP signaling should improve the treatment of patients with gynecologic cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T13:24:53Z","timestamp":1670246693000},"page":"722-729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is a possible therapeutic target in gynecologic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The University of Tokyo  Tokyo 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