{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:48:29Z","timestamp":1790660909623,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of body mass index (BMI) on esophageal and gastric carcinogenesis might be heterogeneous, depending on subtype or subsite. However, findings from prospective evaluations of BMI associated with these cancers among Asian populations have been inconsistent and limited, especially for esophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia cancer. We performed a pooled analysis of 10 population\u2010based cohort studies to examine this association in 394,247 Japanese individuals. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate study\u2010specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), then pooled these estimates to calculate summary HRs with a random effects model. During 5,750,107 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up, 1569 esophageal cancer (1038 squamous cell carcinoma and 86 adenocarcinoma) and 11,095 gastric (728 cardia and 5620 noncardia) cancer incident cases were identified. An inverse association was observed between BMI and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR per 5\u2010kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> increase 0.57, 95% CI 0.50\u20130.65), whereas a positive association was seen in gastric cardia cancer (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.32). A nonsignificant and significant positive association for overweight or obese (BMI \u226525\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) relative to BMI &lt;25\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> was observed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.80\u20132.17) and gastric cardia cancer (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.46), respectively. No clear association with BMI was found for gastric noncardia cancer. This prospective study\u2014the largest in an Asian country\u2014provides a comprehensive quantitative estimate of the association of BMI with upper gastrointestinal cancer and confirms the subtype\u2010 or subsite\u2010specific carcinogenic impact of BMI in a Japanese population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T10:28:40Z","timestamp":1680604120000},"page":"2961-2972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Body mass index and esophageal and gastric cancer: A pooled analysis of 10 population\u2010based cohort studies in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5675-3429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriko N.","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Information and Control Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keitaro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8023-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidemi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Information and Control Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute  Nagoya Japan"},{"name":"Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaochen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Value, Evidence and Outcomes Japan Drug Development and Medical Affairs Eli Lilly Japan K.K.  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