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In this Japanese phase II study conducted from 2017 to 2019, newly diagnosed MM patients aged 20\u201365 received four induction cycles with bortezomib (Bor), lenalidomide (Len), and DEX (VRD), followed by Bor and high\u2010dose melphalan with autologous stem cell rescue. Subsequently, they underwent four consolidation cycles with carfilzomib, Len, and DEX (KRD), followed by Len maintenance until disease progression. A total of 141 patients were analyzed. In an intent\u2010to\u2010treat population, the complete or better response post induction was 19.9%, rising to 39.7%, 58.9%, and 62.4% after transplant, consolidation, and 1\u2010year maintenance, respectively. With a median follow\u2010up of 38\u2009months, the 3\u2010year progression\u2010free survival (PFS) rate was 83.5% and the 3\u2010year overall survival rate was 92.5%. Severe adverse events (\u2265grade 3) occurred in ~30% of patients; however, there was no treatment\u2010related mortality. These findings clearly showed the tolerability and effectiveness of this protocol. Nevertheless, patients with high\u2010risk cytogenetics showed a trend toward lower 3\u2010year PFS than those without (77.8% vs. 89.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.051), and ultra\u2010high\u2010risk cytogenetics (\u22652 high\u2010risk cytogenetics) had an even worse prognosis, with 61.2% 3\u2010year PFS. To overcome this situation, a more potent treatment strategy incorporating novel agents such as the CD38\u2010antibody should be assessed in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T22:59:56Z","timestamp":1710802796000},"page":"2002-2011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autologous <scp>HSCT<\/scp> with novel agent\u2010based induction and consolidation followed by lenalidomide maintenance for untreated multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Sciences Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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