{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T22:07:54Z","timestamp":1793484474462,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62376183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62376183"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leukemia is highly heterogeneous, meaning that different types of leukemia require different treatments and have different prognoses. Current clinical diagnostic and typing tests are complex and time\u2010consuming. In particular, all of these tests rely on bone marrow aspiration, which is invasive and leads to poor patient compliance, exacerbating treatment delays. Morphological analysis of peripheral blood\u00a0cells (PBC) is still primarily used to distinguish between benign and malignant hematologic disorders, but it remains a challenge to diagnose and type these diseases solely by direct observation of peripheral blood(PB) smears by human experts. In this study, we apply a segmentation\u2010based enhanced residual network that uses progressive multigranularity training with jigsaw patches. It is trained on a self\u2010built annotated dataset of 21,208 images from 237 patients, including five types of benign white blood cells(WBCs) and eight types of leukemic cells. The network is not only able to discriminate between benign and malignant cells, but also to typify leukemia using a single peripheral blood cell. The network effectively differentiated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) from other types of acute myeloid leukemia (non\u2010APL), achieving a precision rate of 89.34%, a recall rate of 97.37%, and an F1 score of 93.18% for APL. In contrast, for non\u2010APL cases, the model achieved a precision rate of 92.86%, but a recall rate of 74.63% and an F1 score of 82.75%. In addition, the model discriminates acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) with the Ph chromosome from those without. This approach could improve patient compliance and enable faster and more accurate typing of leukemias for early diagnosis and treatment to improve survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T12:36:05Z","timestamp":1731933365000},"page":"533-543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Diagnosis and typing of leukemia using a single peripheral blood cell through deep learning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5626-2925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geng","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education (Shanxi Medical University)  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Mingyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science) Taiyuan University of Technology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Hongping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Liyuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Ailan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kong","family":"Xiaomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Huilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PET\/CT Department Shanxi Coal Center Hospital  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Juanjuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science) Taiyuan University of Technology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology Ministry of Education (Shanxi Medical University)  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology (College of Data Science) Taiyuan University of Technology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.280078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0139-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31041-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.72.6745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2007.01002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09307-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Hematology: Practical Microscopic and Clinical Diagnosis","author":"Theml H","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.3046334"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-021-00179-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2023.3248559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2679-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2017.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2018.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0101-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010568"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49942-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.3038889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30123-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0270-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01211-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01744-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01408-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","unstructured":"BaramDV AsaulenkoZP SpiridonovIN KrivolapovYA.WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (5th edition).2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"KirillovA MintunE RavilN et\u00a0al.Segment anything. In Meta AI Research FAIR2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Du R","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","unstructured":"MatekC SchwarzS MarrC SpiekermannK.A single\u2010cell morphological dataset of leukocytes from aml patients and non\u2010malignant controls.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2022.103793"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LabatiRD PiuriV ScottiF.All\u2010IDB: the acute lymphoblastic leukemia image database for image processing. In the 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing2011.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2011.6115881"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SelvarajuRR CogswellM DasA et\u00a0al.Grad\u2010CAM: visual explanations from deep networks via gradient\u2010based localization.2017. In IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV); pp. 616\u2013626.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15214"}],"container-title":["Cancer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cas.16374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T13:44:04Z","timestamp":1738417444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cas.16374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cas.16374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cas.16374","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1347-9032","1349-7006"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1347-9032","type":"print"},{"value":"1349-7006","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}