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Analysis of the CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD38\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    fraction of bone marrow cells immediately after achievement of engraftment revealed the presence of both TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    LSCs and TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at varying ratios. Genetic analysis confirmed that TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells harbored patient\u2010specific mutations identical to those found in AML clones, whereas TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells did not, indicating that TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    CD38\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells represent residual AML LSCs. In 92 allo\u2010SCT occasions involving 83 AML patients, we enumerated the frequencies of TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    LSCs immediately after achieving hematologic complete remission with complete donor cell chimerism. Notably, only 22.2% of patients who achieved a TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    MR\u2010LSC\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    status (&lt;60%) experienced relapse, with a median event\u2010free survival (EFS) of 1581\u2009days (median follow\u2010up duration was 2177\u2009days among event\u2010free survivors). Conversely, 87.5% of patients with TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    MR\u2010LSC\n                    <jats:sup>int\/high<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\u226560%) relapsed, with a median EFS of 140.5\u2009days. Furthermore, MR\u2010LSC status emerged as a significant independent risk factor for relapse (hazard ratio, 8.56;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), surpassing the impact of patient disease status prior to allo\u2010SCT, including failure to achieve complete remission (hazard ratio, 1.98;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.048). These findings suggest that evaluating TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    MR\u2010LSCs immediately after engraftment, which reflects the competitive reconstitution of residual TIM\u20103\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    LSCs and donor HSCs, may be valuable for predicting outcomes in AML patients undergoing allo\u2010SCT.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T02:39:12Z","timestamp":1735267152000},"page":"698-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<scp>TIM<\/scp>\n                    \u20103 marks measurable residual leukemic stem cells responsible for relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7521-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teppei","family":"Sakoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-1696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikane","family":"Kikushige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine Kyushu University Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9354-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Irifune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gentaro","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Semba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayasu","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Hamanomachi Hospital  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Eto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Hamanomachi Hospital  Fukuoka 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