{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:24:09Z","timestamp":1789230249346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The association between body mass index (BMI) and pancreatic cancer remains elusive in Asian populations. Clarifying the causal relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pancreatic cancer warrants triangulation of evidence, with Mendelian Randomization (MR) providing a robust approach. A two\u2010sample, multivariable MR analysis was performed to investigate the associations between BMI, T2D, and pancreatic cancer risk in the Japanese population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI and T2D were selected from the Genome\u2010Wide Association Study (GWAS) Catalog, and summary statistics for pancreatic cancer were derived from our previous GWAS in the Japanese population. MR analyses were performed using a random\u2010effects inverse variance\u2010weighted (IVW) method as well as sensitivity analyses. Genetic predisposition to T2D, assessed using 891 SNPs, was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk (IVW odds ratio [OR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08\u20131.25 per 1\u2010unit increase in the ln odds of T2D). MR\u2010Egger and weighted median MR analyses yielded similar results. By contrast, genetically indexed BMI showed no association with pancreatic cancer risk (IVW OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.95\u20131.04 per 1\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    increase). The association between T2D and pancreatic cancer remained significant after adjusting for BMI (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.07\u20131.24), while BMI was not significant in univariable or multivariable analyses. Our MR study supports a modest causal association of T2D, independent of BMI, with pancreatic cancer risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.70344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:04:52Z","timestamp":1771491892000},"page":"1446-1454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations Between Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Pancreatic Cancer in the Japanese Population: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0214-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingsong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Aichi Medical University School of Medicine  Nagakute Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruki","family":"Sasado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Science Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Sasahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Medicine Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kanagawa Cancer Center  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Chiba Cancer Center  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Egawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-1745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasushi","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Sapporo Shirakaba\u2010dai Hospital  Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sapporo Medical University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Ozaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Medicine Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Kanagawa Cancer Center  Yokohama 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