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Although macrophages and neutrophils are key regulators of the TME, their coordinated responses to distinct treatments remain unclear. In this study, we performed single\u2010cell RNA sequencing on GC biopsy specimens from treatment\u2010na\u00efve (TN) patients, as well as patients treated with chemotherapy (C), chemotherapy plus nivolumab (CN), or chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (CT). Comparative analyses revealed marked remodeling of the myeloid compartment, particularly involving the CN group. Neutrophils in the CN group exhibited transcriptional reprogramming, characterized by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression, inflammatory activation, and enrichment of maturation\u2010related signatures. Pseudotime and ligand\u2013receptor analyses identified neutrophils as a prominent sender of signals communicating with macrophages via chemokine and cytokine signaling. These neutrophil\u2010derived signals promoted macrophage polarization toward a CXCL10\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    M1\u2010like phenotype and activated inflammatory signaling pathways. In\u00a0vivo validation using a syngeneic CT26 mouse model confirmed that neutrophil depletion abolished the antitumor efficacy of combined oxaliplatin and PD\u20101 blockade, underscoring the functional importance of this crosstalk. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PD\u20101 blockade combined with chemotherapy reprograms the GC TME by enhancing neutrophil\u2013macrophage interactions, which amplify inflammatory signaling and strengthen antitumor immunity. These results highlight the myeloid\u2010centered axis as a potential determinant of immunotherapy responses in GC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.70384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T17:47:59Z","timestamp":1779385679000},"page":"2115-2131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neutrophil\u2010Macrophage Interactions Shape Inflammatory Macrophage Remodeling in Gastric Cancer During Chemo\u2010Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Keita H.","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Collaborative Research and Developments, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center  Chiba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Cancer Biology Astellas Pharma, Inc.  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