{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:24:07Z","timestamp":1788265447392,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Existing diagnostic technologies for bladder cancer (BC) suffer from low sensitivity, low specificity, or a lack of validation. Therefore, validated, non\u2010invasive diagnostic biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of BC are needed to complement and improve upon the limitations of existing diagnostic methods. We used low\u2010pass whole genome sequencing (LP\u2010WGS) technology to detect copy number variations (CNVs) in small extracellular vesicle (sEV) DNA isolated from urine samples of patients. Based on these results, we constructed and validated a diagnostic model to differentiate between benign and malignant bladder lesions. We conducted a receiver operating characteristic analysis and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the performance of the diagnostic model. The urine sEV\u2010DNA LP\u2010WGS data revealed CNV differences between benign and malignant samples. The diagnostic model achieved an AUC of 0.953, a sensitivity of 86.7%, and a specificity of 100% in the training cohort and an AUC of 0.985, a sensitivity of 90%, and a specificity of 100% in the validation cohort. Even at the lowest coverage depth of 0.01X, the performance of the diagnostic model remained relatively robust. Notably, the performance of this diagnostic model surpassed that of the biomarker neuron\u2010specific enolase (sensitivity: 85.7% vs. 64.3%; specificity: 100% vs. 87.5%) and urinary cytology (sensitivity: 100% vs. 66.7%; specificity: 100% vs. 94.1%). Our study demonstrates that urine sEV\u2010DNA exhibits high discriminatory power in distinguishing between benign and malignant bladder lesions, making it a promising tool for auxiliary diagnosis of BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.70455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T08:45:20Z","timestamp":1783327520000},"page":"2543-2554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary Small Extracellular Vesicle\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    as a Biomarker for the Non\u2010Invasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Surgical Institute of Integrative Medicine Surgical Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Surgical Institute of Integrative Medicine Surgical Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine 3D Medicines Inc.  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