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Because of their natural instability, the enormous majority of these drugs require parent\u00e9ral administration. Oral insulin delivery would be a highly attractive alternative process of administration, though it continues to be a mysterious target due to the enzymatic digestion of insulin and low levels of absorption from the gastrointestinal region. Hydrogel polymers can be considered as potential carriers for oral insulin delivery. In particular, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> responsive hydrogel composed of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> has shown the ability to protect insulin from enzymes in the gastric environment and release in small intestines. However, this material has not shown similar potential for oral protein delivery of further model drugs. To date, the unique interaction between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> and insulin, as a potential drug for oral delivery, is not completely understood. The focus of this research is synthetization and characterization of hydrogels <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PLGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> insulin nanoparticles and also <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content> sensitivity of insulin nanoparticles was investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.12318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T08:27:07Z","timestamp":1396254427000},"page":"307-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["<i>Retracted<\/i>: Synthesis, Characterization, and <i>In vitro<\/i> Studies of <scp>PLGA<\/scp>\u2013<scp>PEG<\/scp> Nanoparticles for Oral Insulin Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Hosseininasab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Applied Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51368 Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roghiyeh","family":"Pashaei\u2010Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir Ahmad","family":"Khandaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Tayefi","family":"Nasrabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazem","family":"Nejati\u2010Koshki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Woo","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WCU Nanoresearch Center School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 712\u2010749 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Younes","family":"Hanifehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"WCU Nanoresearch Center School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 712\u2010749 South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soodabeh","family":"Davaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GowthamarajanK. 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