{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:19:25Z","timestamp":1790662765032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"RCMI","award":["G12MD007585-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G12MD007585-23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Toxoplasmosis<\/jats:italic> is one of the most neglected zoonotic foodborne parasitic diseases that cause public health and socioeconomic concern worldwide. The current drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis have been identified to have clinical limitations. Hence, new drugs are urgently needed to eradicate <jats:italic>T.gondii<\/jats:italic> infections globally. Here, an in vitro anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> activity of taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and dihydrofolate inhibitor (pyrimethamine) alone and in combination with a fixed concentration of pyrimethamine were investigated against the rapidly proliferating <jats:italic>T.gondii <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content> strain at 48\u00a0hr using colorimetric assay. Pyrimethamine showed the highest anti\u2010<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> activity with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>50P<\/jats:sub> of 0.84\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;\u00a0.05), respectively. The combination of pyrimethamine with dihydroquercetin gave a significant inhibitory activity against tachyzoites in in vitro with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>50p<\/jats:sub> of 1.39\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml (<jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.05). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>50p<\/jats:sub> ranges obtained for the individual and the combination of taxifolin with pyrimethamine inhibition of parasite growth were not cytotoxic to the infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFF<\/jats:styled-content> and Hek\u2010293 cell lines used. These compounds combination should be investigated further using in vivo model of toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T15:06:40Z","timestamp":1499785600000},"page":"194-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["In vitro activity of the interaction between taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and pyrimethamine against <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0373-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Abugri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tuskegee University  Tuskegee AL USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology Tuskegee University  Tuskegee AL USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Parasitology and Drug Discovery Tuskegee University  Tuskegee AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Witola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Champaign IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert E.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Tuskegee University  Tuskegee AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta M.","family":"Troy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Tuskegee University  Tuskegee AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006605","volume":"121","author":"Couzinet S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"101","volume":"3","author":"Osunkalu V. 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