{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:54:47Z","timestamp":1760014487912,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The evolution of voltage\u2010gated calcium channel (Cav) in eukaryotes is an area of interest for biologists worldwide. The CLAN CL0030 and its family Ion_Trans 2 PF 07885 have been known to be present in prokaryotes, but the origin of these ion channels in <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. is yet to be determined. We inferred the origin of primitive forms of two\u2010pore channels like proteins, human\u2010like Cav 1.1 of L\u2010type, and Cav subunit alpha\u20102\/delta\u20101 in <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. early during evolution. By in\u2010depth investigation into genomics, transcriptomics, use of bioinformatics tools and experimentations done with drugs like amlodipine and gabapentin on <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp., we show the evidence of primitive forms of these channels in this protist pathogen. Genomics and transcriptomics of proteins ACA1_167020, 092610, and 270170 reflected their cellular expression in <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp. We performed amino acid sequence homology, 3D structural modeling, ligand binding predictions, and dockings. Bioinformatics and 3D structural models show similarities between ACA1_167020, 092610, 270170, and different types of known human Cav. We show amoebicidal effects of amlodipine and gabapentin on <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> spp., which can help design their structural analogs to target pathogenic genotypes of <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> in diseases like <jats:italic>Acanthamoeba<\/jats:italic> keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,26]],"date-time":"2018-10-26T03:59:05Z","timestamp":1540526345000},"page":"351-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evidence of human\u2010like Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channels and effects of Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> channel blockers in <i>Acanthamoeba castellanii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0626-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Mannan","family":"Baig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zohaib","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuzair","family":"Waliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saiqa","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdia","family":"Rajabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"AmoebaDB:The Amoeba Genomics Resource. amoebaDB.org","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00299-13"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.2174\/1574891X12666170425170544"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526517666170622075154"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0116"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.235"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku340"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.412"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706442"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1344"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701226"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2016.714"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.053"},{"volume-title":"Acanthamoeba: Biology and pathogenesis","year":"2009","author":"Khan N. 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