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The capacity of engineered exosomes to cross biological barriers and deliver functional miRNAs could be used to achieve these proposes. The object of this review is the investigation of the role of exosomal miRNA in the chemo\u2010resistance, diagnosis, and prognosis of CRC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses guidelines, electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus were searched from January 1990 to November 2020. Ultimately, eight articles included five in vitro (16 cell lines) and three in vivo examinations. Three studies demonstrated that increasing or decreasing mRNA expression was associated with increasing and decreasing cell proliferation in vitro. The presence of miRNA in two studies increased the sensitivity of the drug and exhibited a considerable growth inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. The apoptotic rate was significantly increased in four studies by increased mRNA expression and reduced mrna expression. Tumor volume of xenograft models in three studies suppressed by antitumor miRNA activity. In contrast, anti\u2010miRNA activity in one study decreased the tumor volume. Exosomal miRNAs can be regulators of chemo\u2010resistance and predict adverse outcomes in CRC patients. In sum, exosomes containing miRNAs can be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and diagnosis of CRC. Subsequent research should be a focus on delineating the function of exosomal miRNA before clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T10:02:00Z","timestamp":1630749720000},"page":"1096-1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Role of exosomal miRNA in chemotherapy resistance of Colorectal cancer: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Masomeh","family":"Maleki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Student\u2019s Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asal","family":"Golchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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