{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T14:16:54Z","timestamp":1715955414148},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a major public health issue, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has a number of complications, including drug resistance and poor response to conventional treatments. Over the last decade, research on natural sources for finding new antileishmanial agents has been a critical part of tropical disease research. Natural products also should be regarded as one of the most valuable applications for CL infection drug development. In this study, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial potential of <jats:italic>Carex pendula<\/jats:italic> Huds. (hanging sedge) methanolic extract and its fractions against <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic> produced cutaneous infection. Although the methanolic extract and its fractions exhibited suitable activity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the best activity (with the half maximal inhibitory concentration IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u20091.627\u2009\u00b1\u20090.211\u2009mg\/mL). The toxicity and selectivity indices (SI) of all samples were determined in murine peritoneal macrophage cells (J774A.1) using the 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The flavonoid components of the ethyl acetate fraction were identified using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC\u2010ESI MS\/MS). Nine chemical compounds were identified in this fraction, including three flavonols, four flavanonols, and two flavan derivatives. <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected mice were used as an in vivo model because the methanolic extract was effective against <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> promastigotes in the mammalian cell line J774A.1 with SI\u00a0=\u00a02.514 (tail lesion size model). In silico analysis of identified compounds also revealed a favorable interaction between compounds <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold> and <jats:italic>L.\u00a0major<\/jats:italic> protein targets (3UIB, 4JZX, 4JZB, 5L4N, and 5L42). According to the findings of this study, the ethyl acetate fraction (as flavonoid fraction) exhibited considerable in vitro antileishmanial activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T15:11:23Z","timestamp":1678374683000},"page":"1425-1434","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of the hanging sedge flavonoids based on bio\u2010 guided fractionation assay"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Neda","family":"Moradian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Hatam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Hamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ardalan","family":"Pasdaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1399004713033221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA00478F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2016.1150304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b100455g"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.112900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2013.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22030426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100036\u20101578694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2012.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2019.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21111494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2008.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24213886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md11030934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02425\u201013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf901716j"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np8008122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.87754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2016.1195945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(05)67629\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2006.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1501000328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2020.1806294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/203646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.12.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103\u20105053.20140229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1352\u20101364.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/81.8.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.3160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02425\u201013"}],"container-title":["Chemical Biology &amp; Drug Design"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cbdd.14226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cbdd.14226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T09:48:03Z","timestamp":1692524883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cbdd.14226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cbdd.14226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cbdd.14226","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-0277","1747-0285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-0277","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-0285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}