{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:11:04Z","timestamp":1791155464259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fifty analogues of batzelladine K were synthesized and evaluated for<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>antimalarial (<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>), antileishmanial (<jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>), antimicrobial (panel of bacteria and fungi), antiviral (HIV\u20101) activities. Analogues<jats:bold>14h<\/jats:bold>and<jats:bold>20l<\/jats:bold>exhibited potential antimalarial activity against chloroquine\u2010sensitive D6 strain with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>1.25 and 0.88\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>and chloroquine\u2010resistant W2 strain with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>1.64 and 1.07\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, respectively. Analogues<jats:bold>12c<\/jats:bold>and<jats:bold>14c<\/jats:bold>having nonyl substitution showed the most potent antileishmanial activity with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>2.39 and 2.78\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>and IC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>11.27 and 12.76\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, respectively. Three analogues<jats:bold>12c<\/jats:bold>,<jats:bold>14c,<\/jats:bold>and<jats:bold>14i<\/jats:bold>were the most active against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2003&lt;\u20033.02\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>and MIC\/MBC\/MFC &lt;6\u2003\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. Analogue<jats:bold>20l<\/jats:bold>having pentyl and methyl substituents on tricycle showed promising activities against all pathogens. However, none was found active against HIV\u20101. Our study demonstrated that the tricyclic guanidine compounds provide new structural class for broad spectrum activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.1427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T06:52:48Z","timestamp":1364453568000},"page":"491-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tricyclic Guanidine Analogues of Batzelladine K for Antimalarial, Antileishmanial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti\u2010HIV Activities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Nafees","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyur G.","family":"Brahmbhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabana I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babu L.","family":"Tekwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Sabde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debashis","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inder P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh K.","family":"Bhutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2006.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00110a021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np970014r"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo962084t"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2007.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np050149u"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np049958o"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"2567","article-title":"Total synthesis of (+\/\u2212)\u2010batzelladine K: a biomimetic approach","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed N.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synthesis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.205"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02624436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-004-1215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13019-8","article-title":"Contribution of aniline metabolites to aniline\u2010induced methemoglobinemia","volume":"32","author":"Harrison J.H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5769(99)00020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4450-4452.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically M7\u2010A5","volume":"20","author":"NCCLS","year":"2000","journal-title":"National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; 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