{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T23:07:15Z","timestamp":1780700835693,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a benign fibroproliferative skin disease, which lacks the ideal treatment and drugs. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol that prevents fibroblasts from proliferating and migrating. This study aimed to determine the role of EA in HS formation and its possible mechanism by in vitro experiments. HS fibroblasts (HSFs) and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were separated from HS tissue and normal skin tissue, respectively. HSFs were treated with 10 and 50\u2009\u03bcM EA to assess their effect on HS formation. In particular, 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethyl\u20102\u2010thiazolyl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010H\u2010tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scratch assay were used to detect the viability and migration ability of HSFs. Quantitative reverse transcriptase real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression level of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), extracellular matrix (ECM)\u2010related gene collagen\u2010I (COL\u2010I), and fibronectin 1 (FN1) in HSFs. Finally, Western blot was utilized to measure the expression level of TGF\u2010\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway\u2013related proteins in HSFs. The viability of HSFs was significantly increased compared with NFs. 10 and 50\u2009\u03bcM EA treatment markedly inhibition the cell viability and migration of HSFs. EA treatment upregulated the bFGF expression level and downregulated the COL\u2010I and FN1 expression level in HSFs. In addition, p\u2010Smad2, p\u2010Smad3, and transforming growth factor (TGF)\u2010\u03b21 expression levels as well as p\u2010Smad2\/Smad2 and p\u2010Smad3\/Smad3 ratios remarkably decreased in HSFs after EA treatment. EA inhibited the formation of HSs by suppressing the viability and migration of HSFs and ECM deposition as well as by preventing the activation of TGF\u2010\u03b2\/Smad signaling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T03:48:47Z","timestamp":1688096927000},"page":"773-781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ellagic acid inhibits the formation of hypertrophic scars by suppressing <scp>TGF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathway activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Zun\u2010jiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College  Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De\u2010jin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital Anhui Medical University  Lu'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da\u2010lun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College  Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao\u2010de","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Lu'an People's Hospital Anhui Medical University  Lu'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College  Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin\u2010qiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College  Wuhu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.117012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000191977.51206.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806\u20104841.20131802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00879.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495\u2010015\u20101169\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2009.00153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000527576.27489.0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472\u20108206.2008.00618.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Anesthetic management of patients with major burn injury","volume":"80","author":"Harbin K. 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