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BALB\/c female mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200972) were divided into six groups: control, diabetes+insulin, diabetes+linagliptin, diabetes+linagliptin+insulin, diabetes+TUDCA, and diabetes+TUDCA+insulin. Immunohistochemistry and western blot method, qRT\u2010PCR, ELISA method, and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were performed. Linagliptin administered to the type 1 diabetic mouse heart significantly reduced the expression levels of the total and cleaved forms of ATF6, ATF4, and p\u2010JNK, caspase 3. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that cleaved caspase 3 protein expression was significantly increased in the diabetes+insulin group compared to the other groups. According to ELISA findings, TUDCA was more effective in reducing NOX 1 and MDA levels than linagliptin. While linagliptin decreased the <jats:italic>Chop<\/jats:italic> mRNA level, no change was observed in the <jats:italic>Grp78<\/jats:italic> mRNA level. Our findings showed that there was not much difference between the administration of linagliptin alone or in combination with insulin. Our study reveals that linagliptin is an effective therapeutic agent on ERS and apoptotic UPR in type 1 diabetic hearts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:20:55Z","timestamp":1691022055000},"page":"1085-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of linagliptin and insulin combined therapy on unfolded protein response in type 1 diabetic mouse heart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6980-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z\u00fcleyha","family":"Do\u011fanyi\u011fit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Yozgat Bozok University  Yozgat 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