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Moreover, another peptide that could bind to the TRAF6 dimerization area was selected from the bLF sequence. The effects of each peptide on cytokine expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010stimulated osteoblasts (ST2) and on osteoclastogenesis were examined using an LPS\u2010treated co\u2010culture of primary bone marrow cells (BMCs) with ST2 cells and a single culture of osteoclast precursor cells (RAW\u2010D) treated with soluble receptor activator of NF\u2010\u03baB ligand. Finally, the effectiveness of these peptides against LPS\u2010induced alveolar bone destruction was assessed. Two of the three peptides significantly suppressed LPS\u2010induced TNF\u2010\u03b1 and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 expression in ST2 cells. Additionally, these peptides inhibited and reversed LPS\u2010induced receptor activator of NF\u2010\u03baB ligand (RANKL) upregulation and osteoprotegerin (OPG) downregulation, respectively. Furthermore, both peptides significantly reduced LPS\u2010induced osteoclastogenesis in the BMC\u2010ST2 co\u2010culture and RANKL\u2010induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW\u2010D cells. In\u00a0vivo, topical application of these peptides significantly reduced the osteoclast number by downregulating RANKL and upregulating OPG in the periodontal ligament. It is indicated that the novel bLF peptides can be used to treat periodontitis\u2010associated bone destruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:32:52Z","timestamp":1719988372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of novel lactoferrin peptides on\n                    <scp>LPS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010induced alveolar bone destruction in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Sakura","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima 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Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumie","family":"Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Research Laboratory of Oral Inflammation Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin\u2010ichi","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"SKCM2 Hiroshima University  Hiroshima 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