{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T20:11:48Z","timestamp":1776111108820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018847","name":"Sel\u00e7uk University Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel and efficient protocol for the microwave\u2010assisted synthesis of diversely substituted 2,2\u2032\u2010bisbenzimidazol\u20105,6\u2032\u2010dicarboxylic acid (BIMCA) from the reaction of 3,4\u2010diaminobenzoic acid with oxalic acid has been developed, which proceeds through sequential nucleophilic addition and electrophilic substitution in accordance with the Philips method. The synthetic utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the concise, one\u2010pot synthesis of (BIMCA) and metal complexes. (BIMCA) with a [{Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O] Schiff base ligand complex and new benzimidazole coordination compounds with double oxygen [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] ligand complexes were obtained. The resulting [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] ligand complex was then synthesized from Co(CH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.4H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, Ni(CH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.4H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and Cu(CH<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>COO)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O heteronuclear complexes. The condensations proceed with good yield to give products that, in certain instances, are not readily attainable by conventional condensation techniques. The structures of the compounds were identified by Fourier\u2010transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2009NMR), elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility. The mutagenic potential of the synthesized chemicals was evaluated by the Ames test towards mutant <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> strains TA98 and TA100. It was recorded that these chemicals had no mutagenic action. Also, antimicrobial activities were screened by broth microdilution test. It was seen that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> was 0.195\u2009mg\/mL, followed by a\u00a0MIC value of 0.390\u2009mg\/mL against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>. [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Co(II)] demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, with an MIC of 0.195\u2009mg\/mL, followed by an MIC of 0.390\u2009mg\/mL against <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>K.\u2009pneumonia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>. The antioxidant properties were examined using various chemical assays, and [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O] and (BIMCA) exhibited greater 2,2'\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, when compared with other compounds. Enzyme inhibitory effects were tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amylase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase. [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cu(II)] displayed the best AChE (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.51\u2009mg\/mL), BChE (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.51\u2009mg\/mL) and tyrosinase (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 1.52\u2009mg\/mL) inhibitory effects. Furthermore, molecular docking calculations were performed to gain insights into the interaction between [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] and AChE, and between [(BIMCA){Fe(salen)}<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>Cu(II)] and amylase. Both compounds showed the potential inhibition of the protein targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.14605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T02:03:58Z","timestamp":1725501838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elucidation of the Microwave\u2010Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Heteronuclear Complexes of Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives and Their Biological Activities by In\u00a0Vitro and In Silico Assays"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Esra","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Selcuk University  Konya Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-9779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziya\u00a0Erdem","family":"Koc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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