{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T12:45:11Z","timestamp":1775997911479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107\u20102113\u2010M\u2010009\u2010009\u2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107\u20102113\u2010M\u2010009\u2010009\u2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110\u20102113\u2010M\u2010A49\u2010017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110\u20102113\u2010M\u2010A49\u2010017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 112\u20102113\u2010M\u2010A49\u2010008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 112\u20102113\u2010M\u2010A49\u2010008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are vital in the treatment of estrogen\u2010dependent breast cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. In this study, a series of steroidal glycosides (SGs) derived from\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010androsterone (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    AND), estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2) were synthesized using a one\u2010pot multi\u2010enzyme glycosylation approach and structurally characterized via HPLC, MS, and NMR. Among the synthesized compounds, E1\u2010\u03b1\u20102DG (\n                    <jats:bold>2b<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) and E2\u2010\u03b1\u20102DG (\n                    <jats:bold>3b<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) demonstrated the most potent aromatase inhibition, with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 0.101\u2009\u00b1\u20090.001\u2009\u03bcM and 0.159\u2009\u00b1\u20090.009\u2009\u03bcM, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that these glycosides form key hydrogen bonds with catalytic residues and the heme group of CYP19A1. In\u00a0vitro cytotoxicity showed that E1\u2010\u03b1\u20102DG selectively inhibited the growth of MCF\u20107 and MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 breast cancer cells in a dose\u2010dependent manner, with the highest potency observed against triple\u2010negative MDA\u2010MB\u2010231 cells (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u200920.46\u2009\u00b1\u20092.92\u2009\u03bcM), while exhibiting no toxicity toward non\u2010cancerous HEK293 cells. These findings suggest that glycosylation enhances the pharmacological potential of steroidal scaffolds and highlights E1\u2010\u03b1\u20102DG as a promising lead compound for the development of safer, dual\u2010function breast cancer therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:16:43Z","timestamp":1769775403000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estrone\u2010\u03b1\u20102\u2010Deoxy\u2010Glucoside as a Targeted Therapy for Triple\u2010Negative Breast Cancer: Aromatase Inhibition and Cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Tzu\u2010Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng\u2010Ru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng\u2010Pai","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Cih","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Yun","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6478-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tung\u2010Kung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsin\u2010Chu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio\u2010Devices (IDS<sup>2<\/sup>B) National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.1870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-024-02471-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0400-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.881551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomedchemau.1c00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2020.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.e13098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11080808"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2022: The Trends Projection Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chikara B. 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