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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), small bioactive molecules with broad\u2010spectrum activity and low propensity for resistance, have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates. This scoping review aimed to map the existing literature on AMPs with anti\u2010leishmanial activity, updating and expanding upon previous reviews. Following the PRISMA\u2010ScR framework, we systematically searched for primary research articles assessing natural and synthetic peptides through in\u00a0vitro or in\u00a0vivo approaches. Seventy\u2010nine studies met eligibility criteria, evaluating 231 unique peptides against multiple\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Most investigations were in\u00a0vitro, particularly on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    promastigotes and amastigotes. Synthetic and bioengineered peptides demonstrated superior efficacy and selectivity compared with natural peptides, in some cases achieving selectivity indices exceeding 6000. Mechanistic studies revealed that AMPs act primarily through parasite membrane disruption, but also by inducing apoptosis\u2010like processes and modulating host immune responses. Despite their promise, several challenges remain, including peptide instability in physiological conditions, proteolytic degradation, and limited in\u00a0vivo validation. Advances in chemical modifications and nanocarrier\u2010based delivery systems show potential to overcome these barriers. In conclusion, AMPs represent a compelling avenue for leishmaniasis therapy, especially for cutaneous forms of the disease. However, further studies, particularly in\u00a0vivo, are critical to translate preclinical findings into clinical application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:44:13Z","timestamp":1779165853000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peptides as a Therapeutic Alternative Against Leishmaniasis: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Maria Eduarda","family":"da Veiga Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pathology Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8160-7844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen","family":"Dyminski Parente Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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