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(\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. gracile<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is rich in various bioactive components, including flavonoids and polysaccharides. This study established a DES\u2010based extraction system for flavonoids of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. gracile<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , optimized the process using response surface methodology, and evaluated the antioxidant activity, and hepatoprotective effects of the extracts against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with focus on gut microbiota modulation. A choline chloride\u2010malic acid DES was identified as the optimal extractant. Under the optimized conditions (extraction time of 60\u2009min, water content of 32%, liquid\u2010to\u2010solid ratio of 61:1\u2009mL\/g, molar ratio of 1:1, ultrasonic power of 480\u2009W, and temperature of 60\u00b0C), the extraction yield of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. gracile<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    flavonoids reached 16.62\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27\u2009mg\/g. Compared to traditional ethanol extracts, the DES\u2010extracted\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. gracile<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    flavonoids exhibited significantly stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity. Moreover, they demonstrated enhanced hepatoprotective effects in an ALD mouse model by ameliorating dyslipidemia, alleviating liver injury, and improving hepatic histopathology. Notably, the DES extracts more effectively reshaped the alcohol\u2010disrupted gut microbiota by increasing beneficial bacteria (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) while suppressing pathogenic genera (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2010Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). These findings provide an efficient and environmentally friendly extraction strategy for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. gracile<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    flavonoids and offer experimental evidence for their potential application in alcoholic liver disease prevention and treatment through gut microbiota modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:58:01Z","timestamp":1781503081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Process and Study on the Anti\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity and Mechanism of Flavonoids From\n                    <i>Lophatherum gracile Brongn.<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7697-4537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyue","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Synthetic Biology Industry Hunan University of Arts and Science  Changde Hunan People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.138629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020\u2010026\u201001325\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102019\u2010319720"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010018\u20100099\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14091783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4GC06386D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2023.106605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.114731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13020181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101742\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2016.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c8fo01997e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FMH.2024.9420020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2025.9250499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102024\u2010331880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2024.106761"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010023\u201000904\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants14111622"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.1004332"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.106005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c11656"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2024.107003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2025.107551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.133871"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2025.144125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26165037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10020107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659\u2010020\u201000257\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1544542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753\u2010019\u201001099\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155814"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100031\u20101280128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.117715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2020.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.105946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2024.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FMH.2024.9420009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202405781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"1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