{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:49:05Z","timestamp":1782485345133,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chem Biol Drug Des"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ginkgetin is a biflavone isolated from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    leaves. It has shown anti\u2010inflammatory effects in colitis. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of ginkgetin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)\u2010induced colitis in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010treated Caco\u20102 cells. Inflammation, the integrity of the colonic epithelial barrier, and cellular damage were assessed via immunofluorescence, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. Furthermore, p65 was overexpressed or knocked down to examine its involvement in the observed effects. Treatment with ginkgetin significantly attenuated weight loss, disease activity index, and histopathological damage in DSS\u2010induced mice. It also downregulated pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and interleukin\u20101\u03b2 (IL\u20101\u03b2), and upregulated tight junction proteins, such as zonula occludens\u20101 (ZO\u20101) and Occludin, in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro. Notably, ginkgetin inhibited p\u2010p65 and C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine ligand 2 in colonic tissues and Caco\u20102 cells. Molecular docking, biotin pull\u2010down, and cellular thermal shift assays suggested an interaction between ginkgetin and p65. p65 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of ginkgetin on LPS\u2010induced inflammation and barrier disruption. p65 knockdown normalized LPS\u2010induced alterations, downregulated pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u20101\u03b2), and upregulated tight junction proteins (ZO\u20101 and Occludin). Notably, the addition of ginkgetin did not further improve the beneficial effects of p65 knockdown alone. These findings suggest that ginkgetin alleviated colitis by modulating inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction through the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. This study demonstrates the potential of ginkgetin as a therapeutic agent for colitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.70341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:42:26Z","timestamp":1781347346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ginkgetin Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium\u2010Induced Colitis by Inhibiting the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Xuejing","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Yantaishan Hospital  Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Yantaishan Hospital  Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Yantaishan Hospital  Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7117-9526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianmei","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice Yantaishan Hospital  Yantai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-18252-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327117751235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-31662-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2019.65.4.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-0411-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202400211RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"882","article-title":"Kangfuxin Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Inhibiting NF\u2010\u03baB p65 Activation and Regulating T Lymphocyte Subsets","volume":"26","author":"He M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109847"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2020.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0205-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgn143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12010147"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00966-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1553608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.935487"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2021.1995684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29174031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"455","article-title":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)\u2014Key Factor in Normal and Pathological Angiogenesis","volume":"59","author":"Melincovici C. 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