{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:41:04Z","timestamp":1792629664733,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]],"date-time":"2013-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caring for a child with complex communication needs associated with a developmental condition frequently adds stress to the caregiver. Furthermore, professional assistance is scarce in low\u2010income rural settings. For such children speech is frequently unachievable. Augmentative and alternative communication provides options for supplementing or replacing speech with other techniques. The current study aimed to examine the experiences of caregivers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>enya before and after a home\u2010based intervention using augmentative and alternative communication techniques with children with complex communication needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caregivers were interviewed pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Content analysis was applied through the stages of text familiarization and topic organization. Emergent themes and their sub\u2010themes were identified and labelled. Connections between themes were established and interpretations made. The procedure was completed by a second researcher independently. Conflicting ideas were jointly discussed until consensus was achieved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four themes emerged from the data: communication process; struggle; normality; and supernatural power. Before intervention, the caregivers acknowledged their expertise in communications with the child, while also revealing their sense of isolation, burden and pain. Normality was present as a source of comparison and also an aspirational goal. Post\u2010intervention more positive language was used to describe the child. There was an \u2018opening up\u2019 of communication that recognized the child's strengths and some social support systems were re\u2010established. The power of the supernatural was recognized before and after intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caring of a child with complex communication needs presents many challenges. A home\u2010based intervention using augmentative and alternative communication techniques appears to have been a catalyst for some positive transformations in the caregivers' experiences, although it is not possible to attribute this change to any one aspect. The potentials of the home\u2010based intervention would benefit from further investigation on a larger scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,4]],"date-time":"2013-03-04T15:43:06Z","timestamp":1362411786000},"page":"29-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A home\u2010based intervention using augmentative and alternative communication (<scp>AAC<\/scp>) techniques in rural <scp>K<\/scp>enya: what are the caregivers' experiences?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"J. K.","family":"Gona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Research Medicine (Coast) Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Research Medicine (Coast) Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University of Sydney  Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"},{"name":"School of Allied Health Professions Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia  Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Bunning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health Professions Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of East Anglia  Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Augmentative & Alternative Communication & Severe Disabilities: Beyond Poverty","author":"Alant E.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Severe Disabilities: Beyond Poverty","author":"Alant E.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Alant E.(2007)Training and intervention in South Africa.ASHA Leader. 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