{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:24Z","timestamp":1787013984566,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:sup>\u00a9<\/jats:sup>\n                      is a new outcome tool for use by both parents and clinicians that measures changes in the communicative participation skills of preschool children. Changes in communicative participation skills as measured by the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were compared across three groups of children: those with speech impairments only (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), those with language impairments only (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and those with both speech and language impairments (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participating families (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 112, 75 male children) were recruited through 13\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      anadian organizations. Children ranged from 10 months to 6 years 0 months (mean = 2.11 years;\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 1.18 years) and attended speech\u2010language intervention. Parents completed the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      at the start and end of treatment. There were 23 children in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group, 62 children in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group and 27 children in the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group. The average amount of the children's therapy varied from 7 to 10\u2009h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      captures changes in communicative participation for children with a range of communication disorder types and severities. All three groups of children made clinically important improvements according to their\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCID<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2265 16 points). The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      captured improvements in intelligibility, independent communication, play and socialization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOCUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      measured positive changes in communicative participation skills for all three groups of children after 7\u201310\u2009h of speech\u2010language therapy. An outcome measure that targets only specific speech and language skills would miss many of the important social function changes associated with speech\u2010language treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]],"date-time":"2013-06-13T06:42:52Z","timestamp":1371105772000},"page":"474-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Measuring communicative participation using the\n                    <scp>FOCUS<\/scp>\n                    <sup>\u00a9<\/sup>\n                    :\n                    <scp>F<\/scp>\n                    ocus on the\n                    <scp>O<\/scp>\n                    utcomes of\n                    <scp>C<\/scp>\n                    ommunication\n                    <scp>U<\/scp>\n                    nder\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    ix"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Thomas\u2010Stonell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital  Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Oddson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Kinetics Laurentian University  Sudbury ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bloorview Research Institute Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital  Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2008\/003)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Social behaviors of children with language impairment on the playground: a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Brinton B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Language, Speech and Hearing Services in the Schools"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2010.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2006\/030)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2001\/008)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3704.913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13682820500292551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/83.10.888","article-title":"Establishing minimal clinically important differences for scores on the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory for inpatient rehabilitation","volume":"83","author":"Iyer L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030701282595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17549500802676859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2010.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0265659004ct263oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/J006v14n02_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199231881.001.0001","volume-title":"Construct Validation. 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