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Moreover, although the emerging literature suggests that improvement in social functioning follows improvement in oral communication, it is still unknown what factors enhance or impede the relations between these constructs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on parent interviews, the current study examined the long\u2010term improvements in speech and oral language skills and relationships with hearing peers in 19 implanted children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results demonstrate that on average, children continue to improve in oral communication skills and quality of peer relationships even years after implantation, especially those with initial poorer skills. While oral communication ability and quality of peer relationships are strongly associated at each time point, gains in these two variables are associated only for some of the children. Other factors, including self\u2010confidence and peer acceptance, seem to moderate this relationship. Qualitative data are presented to illustrate these relations among variables and to assist in theory building.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results highlight the need for more specific examination of various developmental periods in combination with the progress of oral communication and peer relationships among children with implants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]],"date-time":"2013-09-13T10:59:08Z","timestamp":1379069948000},"page":"870-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Long\u2010term improvements in oral communication skills and quality of peer relations in children with cochlear implants: parental testimony"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Bat\u2010Chava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Research &amp; Evaluation Services  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, Brandywine  Media PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Imperatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Health Alliance Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201018 and 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach T. 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