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Children with maltreatment histories are much more likely to have other factors contributing to behavioural and attentional regulation difficulties that may overlap with or mimic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like symptoms, including language and learning problems, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, attachment difficulties, mood disorders and anxiety disorders. A higher number of children in the child welfare system are diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> and provided with psychotropic medications under a group care setting compared with family\u2010based, foster care and kinship care settings. However, children's behavioural trajectories change over time while in care. A reassessment in the approach to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like symptoms in children exposed to confirmed (or suspected) maltreatment (e.g. neglect, abuse) is required. Diagnosis should be conducted within a multidisciplinary team and practice guidelines regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content> diagnostic and management practices for children in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPS<\/jats:styled-content> care are warranted both in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content> and in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>anada. Increased education for caregivers, teachers and child welfare staff on the effects of maltreatment and often perplexing relationship with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like symptoms and co\u2010morbid disorders is also necessary. Increased partnerships are needed to ensure the mental well\u2010being of children with child protection involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]],"date-time":"2014-06-18T14:52:20Z","timestamp":1403103140000},"page":"178-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Diagnosing attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (<scp>ADHD<\/scp>) in children involved with child protection services: are current diagnostic guidelines acceptable for vulnerable populations?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Landsdowne Children's Centre  Brantford ON Canada"},{"name":"McMaster University  Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Damiani\u2010Taraba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brant Family and Children's Services (CAS)  Brantford ON Canada"},{"name":"Oxford Children's Aid (CAS)  Oxford ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brant Family and Children's Services (CAS)  Brantford ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Western Ontario  London ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brant Family and Children's Services (CAS)  Brantford ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"ACF\u2010Administration for Children and Families(2012)Oversight of Psychotropic Medication for Children in Foster Care; Title IV\u2010B Health Care Oversight & Coordination Plan (Vol. ACYF\u2010CB\u2010IM\u201012\u201003)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Understanding the use of psychotropic medications in the child welfare system: causes, consequences, and proposed solutions","volume":"91","author":"Alavi Z.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.1033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011\u20100491"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705200505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"CADDRA(2010)Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines (CAP\u2010Guidelines)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"442","article-title":"Treatment of childhood and adolescent depression","volume":"86","author":"Clark M. 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