{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:06:03Z","timestamp":1790471163469,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R01DD000295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01DD000295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents of children with oral clefts may be impacted psychosocially in several ways, but empirical evidence remains relatively sparse. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of psychosocial well\u2010being of parents of affected children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included a total sample of 287 parents (171 mothers and 116 fathers) of children with oral clefts. Parents completed validated psychosocial instruments to measure social avoidance and distress, fear of negative evaluation scale, self\u2010esteem and interpersonal support. Regression analysis was used to evaluate how selected child, parent and household characteristics relate to psychosocial outcomes focusing on child's cleft type, sex and age, differences between mothers and fathers, marital status and household income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fathers had higher self\u2010esteem than mothers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and lower concern of being negatively judged by others (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) but also had lower perception of having someone to talk to about their problems (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). High household income was associated with greater self\u2010esteem and perception of social support (&lt;0.05). Parents of male affected children had greater perception of social support than parents of female affected children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). No significant differences in parental psychosocial status measures were found by cleft type. Similarly, there is little evidence of changes with child age, except for an increase in parental distress and decline in self\u2010esteem during mid\u2010adolescence (age 15\u201317\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that mothers and fathers of children with oral clefts may differ in their psychosocial adjustment and that mothers may overall experience more psychosocial problems than fathers. Also, parents from less wealthy households may be at greater risk. Parental psychosocial status should be considered in holistic family\u2010based treatment approaches to reduce burden on affected families and improve their well\u2010being.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T05:47:33Z","timestamp":1440481653000},"page":"42-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Psychosocial well\u2010being of parents of children with oral clefts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Nidey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Moreno Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics\u2013Dows Institute The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Marazita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. L.","family":"Wehby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Economics The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Public Policy Center The University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-075.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199903)27:2<137::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490912400315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.1994.tb00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38106.559120.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/07-099.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1983.tb02325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/10-007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/14-050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7757(02)00031-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","article-title":"The effect of maternal depression and substance abuse on child human capital development","author":"Frank R. 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