{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:16:42Z","timestamp":1780633002911,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Informing the children living with HIV (CLH) about their disease (disclosure) is important from the perspective of disease treatment and overall psychosocial development. There are no published studies that qualitatively explored HIV disclosure\u2010related issues among CLH in India. Our aim was to provide insights into the perceptions of informal caregivers of CLH regarding childhood disclosure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children were defined as those aged &lt;16 years. In\u2010depth interviews were conducted with 34 primary caregivers of CLH aged 8 to 15 years old who were residing in West Bengal, India. The participants were recruited with the help of a community\u2010based organization that provides need\u2010based services to people living with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained caregivers' perspectives on the motivators and barriers of childhood disclosure. Health benefits such as medication adherence emerged as an important motivator, while distress caused by disclosure and potential for stigma were identified as barriers. Health care providers were the preferred disclosers for most caregivers, followed by the caregivers themselves. Some caregivers wanted their child to learn about his\/her HIV status by him\/herself. There was no consensus among the caregivers about the ideal age for disclosure. Many preferred to wait until the child attained maturity or was of marriageable age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disclosure of HIV status to children is an emotional issue, both for the caregiver and the child. Like most low\u2010or middle\u2010income countries, no standardized, age\u2010appropriate disclosure guidelines exist in India. Our findings advocate adoption of a multi\u2010faceted approach, including increased availability of social and familial support, for childhood HIV disclosure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T14:55:26Z","timestamp":1461768926000},"page":"553-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Issues around childhood disclosure of HIV status \u2013 findings from a qualitative study in West Bengal, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Detels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Javanbakht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED\/ICMR)  Kolkata West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"Disclosure of illness status to children and adolescents with HIV infection","volume":"103","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatrics AIDS. Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0177-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6324-1_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmq115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-006-9141-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"S100","article-title":"Diagnosis disclosure in HIV\u2010infected Thai children","volume":"88","author":"Boon\u2010Yasidhi V.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.554523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2013.25.4.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Chazal E.Medecins Sans Frontieres. (2005)Therapeutic education: recommendations regarding disclosure of HIV status to children under ARV in MSF projects. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/topics\/vct\/toolkit\/additional_resources\/MSF_recommendations_disclosure.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2011.622624"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230153"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2010.542123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Methods for Health Research","author":"Green J.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.19012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"573","volume-title":"Principles of Perinatal and Pediatric HIV\/AIDS","author":"Kohrt B.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545109709341082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104502007001007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dau1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2012.734987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-012-0902-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organisation.Department of AIDS Control Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India. (2014) Annual Report 2013\u20102014. Available at:www.naco.gov.in\/upload\/2014%20mslns\/NACO_English%202013\u201014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2006.00855.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1558689814535843"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003623693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fms052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732314544967"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326888chc2803_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/104438949107200406","article-title":"Cultural variables in Asian Indian families","volume":"72","author":"Segal U. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Families in Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-1232"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","unstructured":"South to South Faculty of Health Sciences Stellenbosch University. (2010)Disclosure process for children and adolescents living with HIV: practical guide. Available at:http:\/\/sun025.sun.ac.za\/portal\/page\/portal\/South_to_South\/uploads\/FXB%20DISCLOSURE%20PROCESS%20PRAC%20GUIDE.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. (2013)Core Epidemiology Slides. Available at:http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/en\/media\/unaids\/contentassets\/documents\/epidemiology\/2013\/gr2013\/201309_epi_core_en.pdf(May 22 2015)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701742276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0217"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31820f7a47"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18466"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2011)Guideline on HIV disclosure counselling for children up to 12\u2009years of age. Available at:http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2011\/9789241502863_eng.pdf?ua=1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.DBP.0000267570.87564.cd"}],"container-title":["Child: Care, Health and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcch.12338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cch.12338","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T18:31:43Z","timestamp":1696357903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cch.12338"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cch.12338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.12338","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1862","1365-2214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1862","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]]}}}