{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:24Z","timestamp":1787013984245,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six (FOCUS) is a 50\u2010item outcome measure based on the framework and concepts of World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning. The FOCUS has been shown to capture participation\u2010level changes associated with speech and language therapy in children 18 to 72\u00a0months old and has established validity and reliability. However, there were reasons to try to reduce the measure without losing any of its proven value as a change\u2010detecting instrument.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from 18,931 preschool children, we used item response models and a test of redundancy to reduce the original 50\u2010item FOCUS to 34 items. We then assessed the correlations between FOCUS\u201050 and FOCUS\u201034 scores on these children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings show that a shortened (34\u2010item) version of FOCUS can be treated as equivalent to the full 50\u2010item version.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The correlation between change scores on the two versions is .98. We suggest that in situations where only a total score is of interest, the FOCUS\u201034 can be used in place of the full FOCUS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T14:24:42Z","timestamp":1555338282000},"page":"600-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Validity of a streamlined version of the Focus on the Outcomes of Communication Under Six: Process and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3272-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce","family":"Oddson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Kinetics Laurentian University  Sudbury Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Thomas\u2010Stonell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice Richmond Hill  Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-5613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"296","article-title":"Some experimental results in the correlation of mental abilities","volume":"3","author":"Brown W.","year":"1910","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications (3e)","author":"Vellis R. 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