{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:28:24Z","timestamp":1790260104141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["077092\/B\/05\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["077092\/B\/05\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is common in sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA), and it is associated with sepsis. Despite the high incidence, little has been documented about developmental impairments associated with NNJ in SSA. In particular, it is not clear if sepsis is associated with greater impairment following NNJ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We followed up 169 participants aged 12 months (57 cases and 112 controls) within the Kilifi Health Demographic Surveillance System. The diagnosis of NNJ was based on clinical laboratory measurement of total serum bilirubin on admission, whereas the developmental outcomes were assessed using the Developmental Milestones Checklist and Kilifi Development Inventory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant differences between the cases and controls in all developmental domains. Cases scored lower in language functioning (mean [<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>] = 6.5, standard deviation [<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>] = 4.3 vs. <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic> = 8.9, <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 4.6; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001); psychomotor functioning (<jats:italic>Mdn<\/jats:italic> = 23, interquartile range [IQR] = 17\u201334 vs. <jats:italic>Mdn<\/jats:italic> = 31.0, IQR = 22.0\u201344.0; Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> = 4,122, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .002); and socio\u2010emotional functioning ([<jats:italic>Mdn<\/jats:italic> = 30.0, IQR = 27.0\u201333.0 vs. <jats:italic>Mdn<\/jats:italic> = 34.0, IQR = 30.0\u201337.0], Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> = 4,289, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). There was no evidence of association between sepsis and psychomotor (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>pb<\/jats:sub> = \u2212.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .214), language (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>pb<\/jats:sub> = \u2212.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .510), and socio\u2010emotional functioning (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>pb<\/jats:sub> = .0, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .916). Significant and medium to large portions of the variance (34\u201364%) in the developmental outcomes among children who survived NNJ were associated with home birth, low maternal education, and feeding problems during the first days of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NNJ is associated with developmental impairments in the early childhood years; however, NNJ associated with sepsis does not lead to more severe impairment. Prenatal and postnatal care services are needed to reduce the negative impact of NNJ for children from low resourced settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T19:43:40Z","timestamp":1579895020000},"page":"336-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neonatal jaundice and developmental impairment among infants in Kilifi, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1889-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorcas N.","family":"Magai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Neuro\u2010 and Developmental Psychology, Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mwaniki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Public Health Outcomes and Evaluation Afya Research Africa  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3686-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Pwani University  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Institute for Human Development The Aga Khan University  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shebe","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Kalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9643-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans M.","family":"Koot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Neuro\u2010 and Developmental Psychology, Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-5507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Pwani University  Kilifi Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146532808X335679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Hyperbilirubinemia and language delay in premature infants","volume":"123","author":"Amin S. B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Changes"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.5.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30403-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30541\/v33i4IIpp.1155-1166"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"325","article-title":"Unexplained neonatal jaundice as an early diagnostic sign of septicemia in the newborn","volume":"8","author":"Linder N.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology: Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4632-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0052"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Mother's health seeking behaviour during child illness in a rural western Kenya community","volume":"5","author":"Mbagaya G. M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"issue":"114","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why mothers still deliver at home: Understanding factors associated with home deliveries and cultural practices in rural coastal Kenya, a cross\u2010section study","volume":"16","author":"Moindi R. O.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61577-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.62.4.497","article-title":"Amniotic fluid infections, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and psychomotor impairment","volume":"62","author":"Naeye R. L.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"The incidence and outcome of bilirubin encephalopathy in Nigeria: A bi\u2010centre study","volume":"16","author":"Ogunlesi T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Medicine: Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02223.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice among Nigerian preterm infants","volume":"9","author":"Owa J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"West African Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1425.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Care of the jaundiced neonate","author":"Slusher T.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"StataCorp. (2017) Stata statistical software: Release 15. College Station TX: StataCorp LLC."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.19.2357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"WHO Anthro for personal computers manual","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pocketbook of hospital care for children: Guidelines for the management of common childhood illnesses","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1999).Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI): Management of childhood illness in developing countries: Rationale for an integrated strategy. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.who.int\/child-adolescent-health\/New_Publications\/IMCI\/WHO_CHS_CAH_98.1\/Rev99.Apdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S51124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050718"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181a85973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2014.12.003"}],"container-title":["Child: Care, Health and Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cch.12750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cch.12750","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cch.12750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:12:36Z","timestamp":1694045556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cch.12750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cch.12750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.12750","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1862","1365-2214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1862","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}