{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T04:16:20Z","timestamp":1789272980196,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impaired executive function is a core symptom of cognitive impairment in atypical children. The purpose of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis is to explore the effectiveness of interventions for exercise in real\u2010life settings on executive function in atypical children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study searched the CNKI, Wan\u2010Fang, VIP, WOS, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO databases. Two researchers independently selected articles, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias for the included studies. Exercise activities were categorized into open and closed skills based on the unpredictability of the environmental context and into sequential and continuous skills based on the complexity of the movement structure. Based on these two classifications, motor skills were categorized into open\u2010sequential (e.g. basketball), open\u2010continuous (e.g. obstacle running), closed\u2010sequential (e.g. martial arts) and closed\u2010continuous (e.g. swimming) skills. The SPSS 25.0 and Stata 16.0 software were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 19 articles (23 studies) were included in the systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. The participants were 990 atypical children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Physical exercise in real\u2010world settings had significant intervention effects on inhibitory control (<jats:italic>SMD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.592, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.033), working memory (<jats:italic>SMD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.473, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) and cognitive flexibility (<jats:italic>SMD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.793, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014) in atypical children. Quantitative intervention characteristics and motor skill types moderated the effect of exercise on promoting executive function in atypical children. Overall, exercise for 30\u201350\u2009min, three to seven times a week for less than 10\u00a0weeks is effective in improving executive function in atypical children. Open skills and sequential skills have a positive intervention effect on more dimensions of executive function in atypical children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical exercise in real\u2010world settings has a positive intervention effect on executive function in atypical children. We should design interventions based on the personality traits of the subject and the type of exercise they are interested in to better promote improved executive function in atypical children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.13182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T07:52:58Z","timestamp":1698133978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of physical exercise in real\u2010world settings on executive function of atypical children: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Shanghai University of Sport  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Huzhou College  Huzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Educaiton Liaoning Normal University  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education Huaiyin Institute of Technology  Huaian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Shanghai University of Sport  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mbe.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2018.1479079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38731.532766.F6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health\u2010related research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen C. 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