{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T12:23:30Z","timestamp":1776169410583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children and adolescents with childhood\u2010onset physical disabilities, including cerebral palsy (CP), face a significantly higher risk of developing mental health disorders due to factors such as reduced physical activity, participation limitations, sleep disturbances, pain, social isolation, rejection, bullying and victimization. Therefore, identifying mental health problems in this population is crucial for promoting their mental health and psychosocial well\u2010being. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and construct validity of the self\u2010report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in children and adolescents with CP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 120 children and adolescents with CP (mean age\u2009=\u200914.13\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2\u2009years), representing the full spectrum of CP subtypes. Internal consistency was assessed using McDonald's omega (<jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>). Test\u2013retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to estimate the level of consistency in scores for 50 children and adolescents who completed the SDQ again after 14\u2009days. Three types of construct validity were assessed: factorial, convergent and known\u2010group validity. Factorial validity was assessed based on the model fit of structural equation model\u2010based confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For CFA, the following fit indices were considered acceptable: a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)\u2009&lt;\u20090.08, a Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)\u2009\u2265\u20090.95 and a Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR)\u2009\u2264\u20090.08. Convergent validity was assessed by estimating correlations between the SDQ and Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life (CP QOL) scores using Pearson correlation coefficient (r).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Internal consistency and test\u2013retest reliability of both SDQ Total Difficulties Scale and SDQ Prosocial subscale were found to be acceptable (<jats:italic>\u03c9<\/jats:italic>: 0.73\u20130.85; ICCs: 0.77\u20130.96). The SDQ's factor structure showed good fit (Total Difficulties Scale: RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.03, GFI\u2009=\u20090.95 and SRMR\u2009=\u20090.037; SDQ Prosocial: RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.025, GFI\u2009=\u20090.97 and SRMR\u2009=\u20090.066). Acceptable correlations between SDQ and CP\u2010QOL scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.53\u20130.93) supported convergent validity. Known\u2010groups validity was confirmed, with children with CP showing significantly different SDQ scores compared to their TD peers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings provide evidence of adequate internal consistency reliability, test\u2013retest reliability and construct validity for scores on the SDQ for children and adolescents with CP.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> identifier: NCT06527508.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Messages<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This is the first study investigating the measurement properties of the self\u2010report SDQ in children and adolescents with CP<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study yielded satisfactory evidence for the factorial validity, convergent validity and known\u2010group validity of the self\u2010report SDQ, supporting its suitability as a tool for assessing the mental health status of children and adolescents CP aged 11\u201317\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>All items in the self\u2010report SDQ were found to effectively measure the intended construct\u2010mental health\u2010demonstrating item homogeneity and supporting internal consistency<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The satisfactory agreement between SDQ scores obtained over a two\u2010week interval demonstrated the instrument's temporal stability, indicating strong test\u2013retest reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T23:18:20Z","timestamp":1749511100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reliability and Construct Validity of the Self\u2010Report Version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3185-866X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Bing\u00f6l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Bing\u00f6l University  Bing\u00f6l Turkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6754-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilan\u00a0Demirta\u015f","family":"Karaoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences I\u011fd\u0131r University  I\u011fd\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955\u2010014\u20100176\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs10110167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512515625388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010842X.2001.tb00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125221136947"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Mental Health in Pre\u2010Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: Exploring the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a Screening Tool in a Follow\u2010Up Study Including Multi\u2010Informants","volume":"9","author":"Bjorgaas H. 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